Hydrogen storage is one of the toughest challenges in the energy transition. Current options — steel tanks, cryogenics, or composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) — all carry major drawbacks:

• Heavy and costly: Steel tanks require thick walls and expensive alloys.

• Size-limited: COPVs can’t scale beyond a few meters because of winding limits.

• Safety risks: Rigid walls can rupture suddenly under stress.

• Not recyclable: Thermoset composites create long-term waste.

A different structural principle is needed to make hydrogen storage practical and scalable.